PARENTS EDUCATION LEVEL BACKGROUND

PARENTS EDUCATION LEVEL BACKGROUND  

Warta Madrasah - This  theoretical  framework  presents  the  three  topics.  The  first  topic  discussed  the  parents‟   education  level  background  comprising  the  definition  of  parents, the definition of education, education aim, level of education, the role of  parent  in  children  education. second is about  English learning achievement including English language learning, the definition  of  learning,  learning  achievement,  factor  affecting  learning  achievement  and  measurement  of  learning  achievement.  The  third  topic  is  the  influence  of  parents‟  level of education to the children‟s education.   

      1.      Parents‟ Education Level Background  

a.      Definition of Parents 

According to Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, parent is father  or mother.  In the process of  education,  before children know society and  get  the  guidance  from  school,  firstly,  they  get  caring  and  guidance  from  their parents.  From their parent s , especially  from their  mother, and  for the  first time  t he  influence  from  something  which  is  done  by  their  mother,  in  directl y will form their   children   character . Because mother is as a school, if  mother  prepares  her  children,  it  means  she  also  prepares  the  strong  generation.   Thorefore , education in family is a lso called the first and prior  education . According to Ngalim Purwanto, the  role s of mother are : 

1)      The source and the giver of love and affection 

2)      Caretaker 

3)      Controller in family 

4)      Counselor of personal relationship 

5)      Emotional educator

Beside  mother,  father  also   has   important  role  in  forming  children  characteristic.  The  activity  which  is  done  by  father  in  his  daily  work  will  give influence to their children. According to Ngalim Purwanto, the role s of  father are :  

1)       Source of authority in family 

2)      Intern connecting between family and society 

3)      Protector from outer threat  

4)      The giver of safe fell for all of the member of family 

5)      Rasional educator

b.      Definition of Education  

According to McDonald, education is a process or an activity which  is directed at producing desirable   changes in the behavior of human being.   Uyoh divide s   the definition of education into two meaning:  

1)      Education in specific meaning 

The word education is related to the word educere, the meant is  “taking out an ability” ( e = take out, ducere = lead), so education means  guiding to take out children‟s ability.   The definition of education can be seen in specific meaning and  wide  meaning.  In  specific  meaning,  Langeveld  states  that  education  is  guidance  which  is  given  by  mature  person  to  the  immature  person  to  reach  the  maturation.  According  to  Hoogeveld,  educate  is  helping  children so that they be able to finish their duty of life by themselves. 

Thus, education in specific meaning is an effort of adult person in  guiding  their  children  to  reach  the  maturation.  Education  in  specific  meaning describes the education that focused in family environment.

2)       Education in wide meaning   

    Education  in  wide  meaning  is  an  effort  of  human  to  increase  the  prosperity  as  long  as  their  life.  Henderson  states  that  education  is  as  a  process  of  growth  and  development  and  taking  place  as  the  result  of  the  interaction  of  an  individual  with  his  environment,  both  physical  and  social  beginning  at  birth  and  lasting  as  long  as  life  itself.  It  is  also  a  process  in  which the social heritage as a part of social environment becomes a tool to  be used toward the development of the best and most intelligent person.  In  UU  No.  20  2003  about  National  Education  System,  said  that:  “Education is an effort to create the situation and process of learning in order  to  make  the  students  actively  develop  their  potential  so  that  they  have  spiritual  power  in  religious,  self  control,  personality,  intelligence,  good  attitude and also skill which are needed by themselves, society and nation.9  From the definition of the e ducation above (in wide meaning), there  are some basic principles in education:  

a)      a ) Life long education  

b)      For humans, education is the necessity because with education they will  have an ability to develop. 

c)      Education  is  responsibility  for  all  humans  (parents,  society  and  government).

It  is  important  to  distinguish  between  education  and  learning.  All  education surely involves learning, but not all learning involves education. In  the concept of education ,   there is an element of design of human contrivance  that is  not integral to the meaning of learning. This element of design is clear  in  the  definition  of  education  offered  earlier:  the  deliberate,  systematic  and  sustained effort to transmit, evoke or acquire knowledge, attitudes, value or  skill.  Education  in  this  view,  is  purposeful  (deliberate),  organized  (systematic)  and  consequential  duration  (sustained).  On  the  other  hand,  learning  can  be  non  deliberate  or  incidental,  unorganized  and  very  short  duration.

c.       Education Aim 

Education  aim  is a  fundamental thing  because  it will determine the  goal  of  the  student. There  are  some  values  which  have  to  be  considered  in  determine the education aim, as stated by Hummel: 

1)  Autonomy:  Give  individuals  and  groups  maximum  awareness,  knowledge  and  ability,  so  that  they  can  manage  their  personal  and  collective life to the greatest possible extend. 

2)  Equity: Enable all citizens to participate in cultural and economic life by  offering them a basic education 

3)  Survival: Permit every nation to transmit and enrich its culture heritage  over  generation,  but  also  guide  education  toward  mutual  understanding  and  toward  what  has  been  become  a  worldwide  realization  of  common 

destiny.  

Based  on  the  three  values  above,  the  function  of  education  is  to  produce better generation and to establish culture of the society or human to  get better personality. It can be concluded that the education in this context is  to create a better life.

d.      Education Level 

Education Level in Indonesia is as follow: 

1)      Primary Education 

Primary Education is education that gives the knowledge and skill, it  grows basic attitude that is needed in society and also prepares the students  to follow middle education.13In Indonesia, this Education has two parts:  

a)      Elementary School 

Children  ages  6– 11  attend  Sekolah  Dasar  (SD)  (literally  Elementary  School).  This  level  of  education  is  compulsory  for  all  Indonesian  citizens,  based  on  the  national  constitution.  Madrasah  Ibtidaiyah (MI) is the Islamic alternative to SD, following a curriculum  with more focus on Arabic and Islam. 

b)      Junior High School 

Junior High school, generally known by the abbreviation "SMP"  (Sekolah Menengah Pertama) is part of primary education in Indonesia.  After graduating from elementary school, students attend Middle School  for  three  years  from  the  age  of  12-14.  Madrasah  Tsanawiyah  (MTs)  is  the Islamic equivalent of SMP.

2)      Middle Education 

Middle Education is education that prepares the students to be the  member  of  society  who  have  ability  to  interact  with  social  culture  environment  and  surrounding  environment  and  also  they  are  able  to  develop their ability in higher education and work place. 

In  Indonesia ,  there  are  two  types  of  senior  high  school.  First  is  generally  known  as  by  the  abbreviation  "SMA"  (Sekola h  Menengah  Atas)  and  second  is  SMK  (Sekolah  Menengah  Kejuruan).  SMA  differs   than SMK in their studies. The students at SMA are prepared to continue  their study to university while students of SMK are prepared to be ready  to  work  after  finishing  their  school  without  going to  university/college.  SMA  is  simply  the  university-preparatory  school  while  SMK  is  the  vocational  school.  Madrasah  Aliyah  (MA)  is  the  Islamic  equivalent  of  SMA, and Madrasah Aliyah  Kejuruan (MAK) the Islamic equivalent of  SMK.16 

3)      Higher Education 

Higher Education is education that prepares the students to be the  member of society that have high level academic ability so that they can  apply, develop and create the knowledge, technology and art in order to  improve the prosperity of society.

After  gradua tion  from  High  school ,  students  may  attend  a  university  (higher  education).  The  higher  education  institution  is   categorized  in  two  types:  public  and  private  which  supervised  by  Ministry of National Education. There are four types of higher education  institution:  Universities,  Institutes, Academies,  and  Polytechnics. There   are different degrees in higher education,  namely Diploma 3   (D3) , Strata  1 (S1), Strata 2 (S2) and Strata 3 (S3). 

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